![]() ![]() Bollinger it blocks the undergraduate school from using a points-based admissions system that awards an automatic bonus to members of underrepresented groups. Bollinger, the court approves the law school’s practice of using race as a “plus” factor, but in Gratz v. 2003: In a pair of decisions involving the University of Michigan, the Supreme Court lays out finer distinctions for race-conscious admissions policies.The University of Texas adopts a new policy offering admission to the top 10% of graduates from each of the state’s high schools. ![]() Circuit Court of Appeals bars all use of racial preferences in university admissions in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, the states under its jurisdiction, in a major victory for critics of affirmative action. 1995: The UC Board of Regents votes to end racial preferences in admissions and a year later California voters approve a referendum, Proposition 209, to outlaw discrimination or preferences for “any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.” Eight other states eventually follow suit, most recently Idaho in 2020.Justice Lewis Powell, who casts the deciding vote, says in his separate opinion that universities have a compelling governmental interest in attaining a diverse student body. Bakke, the Supreme Court allows colleges to consider race among other factors when deciding which students to admit but prohibits them from using strict racial quotas. 1978: In a landmark decision, Regents of the University of California v. ![]()
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